Spinal pain can affect every aspect of daily life, making even simple activities hard. Spinal fusion can provide relief for many people with chronic back pain or neck issues. But what does this procedure involve, and who could benefit from it? If you are considering spinal fusion surgery or want to learn more, this guide will help answer your questions.
This article goes over spinal fusion surgery. It also explains who might need it, its benefits and risks, and what you can expect before and after the procedure.
What is Spinal Fusion Surgery?
Spinal fusion surgery permanently fuses together two or more bones in the spine. This connects and immobilizes them.
This procedure helps stabilize the spine, correct alignment, and decrease pain. These effects help with symptoms caused by several conditions that affect the spine.
The surgery involves placing bone grafts or bone-like materials between the affected vertebrae. Metal plates, screws, and rods hold the bones in place while they heal and fuse. Over time, connected bones join together to form one solid piece.
An orthopedic surgeon will usually perform spinal fusion on the lower back and the neck.
Common Reasons for Spinal Fusion Surgery
Your back pain doctor might recommend spinal fusion as part of a broader treatment plan. This plan will usually also include non-surgical therapies, like lifestyle changes.
Degenerative Disc Disease
The discs in your spine might break down due to aging or wear and tear. The damage can lead to severe pain and instability.
Scoliosis or Spinal Deformities
Sometimes, the spine can curve too much in one direction. Spinal fusion can fix the alignment and curve.
Herniated Discs
Herniated discs can be treated by removing the damaged portion. This might leave the spine slightly unstable. Fusion in this case helps stabilize the spine.
Spinal Fractures
Traumatic injuries to the spine can weaken its structure. Spinal fusion can help a person regain strength.
Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis occurs when the spinal canal narrows. The narrowing often results in nerve compression and chronic pain.
Benefits of Spinal Fusion Surgery
The main goal of spinal fusion surgery is to improve a patient’s quality of life. It does this by doing the following:
Reducing Chronic Pain
Fusion eliminates motion between painful vertebrae, reducing irritation of nerves and other structures.
Stabilizing the Spine
Spinal instability can increase the risk for arthritis and make it more difficult to move. Spinal fusion can help people with fractures, deformities, or instability.
Correcting Alignment
Spinal fusion helps align your bones, so you can walk, run, and even sit better. This can help with conditions like scoliosis.
Spinal Fusion Surgery Risks
Like any major surgical procedure, spinal fusion surgery carries some risks. Discussing your concerns with your orthopedic doctor can help you choose the best course of action. Some common risks include:
Infection
Surgery creates the risk of developing an infection. However, surgeons take steps to keep their operating area clean and sterile, which minimizes the risk.
Failed Fusion
Sometimes, the bones do not fuse as intended. This might mean you will need further surgery.
Limited Range of Motion
Since the fused bones in the spine no longer move, the back might not be as flexible as before.
Blood Clots
Sedentary recovery periods increase the risk of blood clots. Preventive measures such as compression socks can help.
Preparation and Recovery: What to Expect
Preparing for spinal fusion helps ensure an ideal outcome.
Before Surgery
Schedule a consultation with a spinal specialist. During this meeting, you should discuss your symptoms, diagnostic results, and treatment options. Your doctor will likely instruct you to stop taking certain medications prior to the surgery.
If you are a smoker, quitting before surgery can significantly improve healing.
The Procedure
Spinal fusion is typically performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon might use an anterior (front of the body) or posterior (back of the body) approach.
After Surgery
Recovery time varies depending on the approach and the individual. You might need to stay in the hospital for a few days post-surgery. Remaining in the hospital lets your healthcare team keep an eye on you and help manage the pain.
A customized rehabilitation plan will help you strengthen muscles and regain mobility. Most patients can resume normal activities within 3-6 months, although strenuous activities may take longer.
Regular check-ins with a spinal specialist ensure a smooth recovery.
Common Questions About Spinal Fusion Surgery
Knowing more about the most common concerns surrounding this surgery can help you feel more at ease and informed.
How Long Does It Take to Recover From Spinal Fusion Surgery?
Recovery typically spans several months. You might be able to start walking a day or two after surgery. However, regaining full functionality could take 3-6 months or longer.
Is Spinal Fusion the Last and Final Resort for Back Pain?
Your doctor will usually suggest physical therapy, medication, and injections before surgery. Spinal fusion is considered after more conservative treatments have failed to provide relief.
Are There Alternatives to Spinal Fusion Surgery?
Alternatives such as artificial disc replacement may be more suitable for some patients. Consult a back pain doctor to discuss all your options.
How Much Does Spinal Fusion Surgery Limit Mobility?
The degree of mobility loss depends on how many and which vertebrae are fused. Surgeons aim to preserve as much range of motion as possible.
Will the Surgery Eliminate My Back Pain?
Spinal fusion reduces pain but might not provide complete relief. Ongoing physical therapy and lifestyle changes can help maximize results.
Safe Spinal Fusion in Dover, NJ
Spinal fusion surgery can sound intimidating, but understanding it can make the process less overwhelming. Working with a trusted orthopedic surgeon or neck and spine specialist is the first step toward relief. Understanding the procedure can help you prepare for it.
If you are considering this surgery, take the time to research and ask questions. The Orthopedic Associates of West Jersey have the best orthopedic doctors for back pain to help you. Call (973) 989-0888 or request a consultation today.
We look forward to helping you with your spine problems!
Sources:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/spinal-fusion/about/pac-20384523
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/25168-spinal-fusion
